|
Ulaanbaatar or Ulan Bator ((モンゴル語:Улаанбаатар), (:ʊɮɑːŋ.bɑːtʰɑ̆r), ''Ulaγanbaγatur'', literally "Red Hero") is the capital and the largest city of Mongolia. A federal municipality, the city is not part of any province, and its population as of 2014 was over 1.3 million.〔 Located in north central Mongolia, the city lies at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the cultural, industrial, and financial heart of the country. It is the centre of Mongolia's road network, and is connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ulaanbaatar Official Web Portal )〕 The city was founded in 1639 as a movable (nomadic) Buddhist monastic centre. In 1778, it settled permanently at its present location, the junction of the Tuul and Selbe rivers. Before that, it changed location twenty-eight times, with each location being chosen ceremonially. In the twentieth century, Ulaanbaatar grew into a major manufacturing centre.〔 ==Names and etymology== Ulaanbaatar has been given numerous names in its history. Before 1911, the official name was Ikh Khüree ((モンゴル語:Их Хүрээ), "Great Settlement") or Daa Khüree (Даа Хүрээ, ''dà'', "great"), or simply Khüree. The Chinese equivalent, ''Dà kùlún'' (大庫倫), was rendered into Western languages as "Kulun" or "Kuren." Upon independence in 1911, with both the secular government and the Bogd Khan's palace present, the city's name changed to ''Niĭslel Khüree'' (Нийслэл Хүрээ, "Capital Camp"). It is called Bogdiin Khuree (Богдын Хүрээ, ''Bogdiĭn Khüree'', "Great Holy Khan's Monastery") in the folk song "Praise of Bogdiin Khuree". In western languages, the city at that time was most often referred to as Urga (from (モンゴル語:Өргөө), ''Örgöö'', "Palace"). When the city became the capital of the new Mongolian People's Republic in 1924, its name was changed to Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар, ''Ulaanbaatar'', classical Mongolian ''(unicode:Ulaganbagatur)'', literally "Red Hero"). On the session of the 1st Great People's Khuraldaan of Mongolia in 1924, majority of delegates expressed their wish to change the capital city's name to ''Baatar Khot'' ("Hero City"). However, under the pressure of the Soviet activist of Communist International, Turar Ryskulov, the city was named ''Ulaanbaatar Khot'' ("City of Red Hero").〔Протоколы 1-го Великого Хуралдана Монгольской Народной Республики. Улан-Батор-Хото,1925〕 In Europe and North America, Ulaanbaatar generally continued to be known as Urga or Khure until 1924, and Ulan Bator afterwards (a spelling derived from , ''Ulan-Bator''). The Russian spelling ("Улан-Батор") is Russian phonetic equivalent of Mongolian name according to Russian spelling conventions, this form was defined two decades before Mongolian name got its current Cyrillic script spelling and 'Ulaanbaatar' transliteration (1941-1950). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ulaanbaatar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|